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受到从“工业社会”向“后工业社会”转型的影响，欧盟的青年就业问题具有明显的结构性特征，兼具长期性和复杂化的特点，不仅青年失业率持续偏高，而且青年群体的不充分就业、不稳定就业、尼特族和工作贫困的问题也久拖不决。这些问题必然会影响欧洲的经济发展，还会加剧不平等和社会排斥。解决青年就业问题是对未来的投资，因此，2013年，欧洲领导人达成政治共识，开始在欧盟层面推行青年就业政策。欧盟以促进青年就业和维持他们与劳动力市场的联系为立足点，着力构筑欧盟层面的积极劳动力市场政策。在新冠疫情之后，为了切实地帮助青年摆脱福利依赖，欧盟还进一步采取措施促进青年的“体面就业”。欧盟的这些政策发挥了促进青年就业的积极作用，但是，实现“体面就业”是一个极具挑战性的政策目标。显然，应对青年就业领域的诸多挑战，不仅需要持续的政策和长期的资金投入，也需要使用更加丰富的政策工具。
Abstract：Conditioned by the transition from an “industrial society” to a “postindustrial society”, the EU's youth employment has been influenced by various structural factors. Therefore, the problems relating to youth employment are both long-term and complex. Not only the youth unemployment rate continues to be high, but also the risks of underemployment, precarious employment, NEET and working poverty are high among young people. These problems will inevitably affect Europe's economic development and exacerbate inequality and social exclusion. Considering that youth employment is an investment in the future, the European leaders reached a political consensus in 2013 and began to formulate youth employment policies at the EU level. The EU is focusing on active labour market policies to promote the employment of young people and to maintain their links to the labour market. In tackling the economic and social crisis during COVID-19, the EU has taken further steps to ensure that young people have access to “decent jobs” in order to effectively help them break free from welfare dependency. These EU policies have played a positive role in improving youth employment, however, access to “decent jobs” is very challenging. Obviously, sustained policies, long-term funding and a richer set of policy tools are necessary in addressing the many challenges in the field of youth employment.
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(1)作者根据欧盟统计局数据整理。此处青年长期失业率是指长期失业青年占15~29岁青年劳动力群体的比例。见Eurostat, Youth unemployment rate by sex, age and country of birth, https：//ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/yth_empl_120/default/table? lang=en，访问日期：2025-05-17。Eurostat, Youth long-term unemployment rate(12 month or longer)by sex and age, https：//ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/yth_empl_120/default/table?lang=en，访问日期：2025-05-17。
(1)作者根据欧盟统计局数据整理。见Eurostat, In-work at-risk-of-poverty rate by age and sex-EU-SILC Survey,https：//ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_iw01__custom_9342830/default/table，访问日期：2025-05-17。
基本信息:
中图分类号:F249.1;D431;D814.1
引用信息:
[1]张浚.欧盟青年就业政策：多重转型进程中的青年就业问题及应对措施[J].当代青年研究,2025,No.397(04):117-132.
2025-07-20
2025-07-20