文章从学理与现实两个层面探讨了“做自己”这一流行话语。理论上厘清了“主体性”与“自我性”作为分析工具的价值中立性，并通过梳理西方古典个体主义的核心原则，对比了中国的关系性自我观。现实中回顾了个体主义在中国本土化的四个阶段：五四时期的“超人式自我”、革命年代的“奉献式自我”、改革时期的“拼搏式自我”及Z世代的“疗愈式自我”。这些版本均是对西方个体主义的选择性吸收与改造，始终深嵌于中国情境。文章指出，在中国缺乏支撑自主式自我的社会机制的现实下，做自己易陷入结构性困境。出路在于突破对做自己的偏狭理解，接纳多元的自我形态，使做自己成为一种多元且具有良性社会嵌入性的自主选择。

The article explores the popular discourse of “being oneself” from theoretical and practical perspectives. Theoretically, it clarifies the value-neutral nature of “subjectivity” and “selfhood” as analytical concepts, and contrasts Western classical individualism with China's relational understanding of the self. In practice, it traces four stages in the localization of individualism in China: the “superman-style self” of the May Fourth era, the “self of dedication” during the revolutionary period, the “striving self” of the reform era, and the “therapeutic self” of Gen Z. Each reflects a selective adaptation of Western individualism within the Chinese context. The article argues that, in the absence of social institutions supporting an autonomous self, the pursuit of “being oneself” often faces structural constraints. A possible way forward lies in moving beyond narrow interpretations and embracing plural, socially embedded forms of selfhood.